重症急性胆管炎的手术治疗探讨

目的探讨外科手术在治疗重症急性胆管炎的作用。方法手术治疗重症急性胆管炎患者155例(手术组)。手术方式胆总管、肝总管切开取石、取虫,T管引流术145例;胆管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合口切开3例;胆管十二指肠吻合口切开2例;胆管十二指肠吻合3例;单纯胆囊造瘘2例。另外对73例重症急性胆管炎患者采用保守治疗(非手术组)。结果手术组死亡17例,病死率为10.97%,治愈111例,治愈率71.61%,好转27例,好转率17.42%。非手术组死亡28例,病死率为38.36%,治愈3例,治愈率4.11%,好转42例,好转率57.53%。手术组的病死率及治愈率与非手术组相比差异均有非常显著性意义(P<0.001)。结论对于重症急性胆管炎患者应尽早手术引流,同时手术应简单有效。     

Seldinger法动脉鞘及猪尾巴导管30例心包置管引流体会

目的：探讨采用seldinger’s经皮穿刺心包置入动脉鞘及猪尾巴管引流心包积液的安全性与疗效。方法：选用cordis公司生产的6F动脉鞘及5F猪尾巴导管，30例患者在超声心动图下定位穿刺点、穿刺方向及深度，行心包引流。结果：30例患者均置管成功。引流导管留置3～20天，平均10天，未出现并发症。结论：seldlnger技术行心包积液引流是一种安全、有效的治疗方法。     

Assessment of duodenal circular drainage operations to treat superior mesenteric artery syndrome

To assess the clinical value of duodenal circular drainage operation to treat superior mesenteric artery syndrome(SMAS). Methods Forty two cases of SMAS were treated with duodenal circular drainage operation from 1959 to 2001. Clinical data were analyzed retrospectively. Results In this group,37 cases were treated with duodenal circular drainage operation,and had good effect after follow- up of 1～15 years,the other 5 cases were first treated with anterior repositioning of the duodenum (1 case),gastrojejunostomy (1 case) ,duodeojejunostomy (2 cases) .subtotal gastrectomy and Billroth Ⅱ gastrqjejunostomy( 1 case), but vomiting was not relieved until duodenal circular drainage operation was performed again. Follow-up of 9～10 years revealed good effect. Conclusion In SMAS, if the reversed peristalsis is stronger and continuous,and vomiting appears frequently, the symptom can not be relieved even if the obstruction of duodenum is removed by operation. The key treatment is the relief of reversed peristalsis. Only the duodenal circular drainage operation could resolve the drainage direction of duodenal content and relieve the symptom of vomiting.     

中西医结合治疗细菌性肝脓肿临床观察

目的：观察抗生素、厌氧治疗、局部穿刺引流合用中药“银鱼角消脓汤”治疗细菌性肝脓肿的疗效。方法：对临床诊断细菌性肝脓肿患者66例随机分为两组。治疗组44例用中西医结合治疗，对照组22例用单纯西医治疗。观察两组总有效率及体温复常、疼痛消失、血象复常、脓肿消失、住院时间五项临床指标。结果：治疗组总有效率95．5％，明显高于对照组的77．3％（P〈0．05），临床五项指标治疗组均优于对照组。结论：中西医结合治疗细菌性肝脓肿比单纯西医治疗更有效。     

Abnormal illness behavior and psychiatric disorders: a study in an outpatient clinic in Japan

Abnormal illness behavior, such as hypochondriacal attitude and inappropriate treatment-seeking, has been associated with various psychiatric disorders in which patients tend to abuse medical services and seek inappropriate treatment in general practice clinics rather than psychiatric clinics. However, the relationship between illness behavior and psychiatric disorders in Japan is yet to be elucidated. We examined the abnormal illness behavior of 243 patients who visited the outpatient department of psychiatry at Saga Medical School Hospital, Saga, Japan, using a Japanese version of the Illness Behavior Questionnaire (IBQ). Multivariate analysis indicated significant association between some of the IBQ scale scores and age, sex and employment status. Patients with anxiety disorder scored higher on five of the seven IBQ scales compared with patients with another major disorder (mood disorder, schizophrenia or somatoform disorder). When compared with the IBQ scale scores reported in Australian patients in a psychiatric hospital, most of the IBQ scale scores differed significantly in our patients; a higher score among Japanese patients on the general hypochondriasis scale was most prominent. A similar trend in IBQ scale scores was also noted among Japanese patients visiting the hospital's general medicine clinic in comparison with Australian patients visiting a general practice clinic. Japanese patients with anxiety disorder may display the most salient abnormal illness behaviors among patients with psychiatric disorders. Sociocultural background may contribute to the characteristic abnormal illness behaviors of Japanese patients.     

新型胸腔闭式引流管带在胸腔引流管固定中的临床应用

【摘要】目的 探讨新型胸腔闭式引流管带在胸腔引流管固定中的临床应用及护理效果。方法 随机选取2016年10月~2018年2月期间首都医科大学附属北京世纪坛医院收治的160例胸科手术后留置胸腔闭式引流管的患者,按照数字表法分为对照组和观察组,每组各80例。对照组给予常规手术缝合固定及护理,观察组在常规手术缝合固定的基础上,给予外覆盖新型胸腔闭式引流管带固定及其相应护理措施,对比分析两组患者的引流管固定效果情况。结果 观察组引流时间、平均日引流量及住院时间明显少于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;观察组更换胶布间隔时间、引流管脱管率明显优于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;观察组术后非计划性拔管发生率、并发症发生率及复发率明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 新型胸腔闭式引流管带行胸腔引流管固定治疗过程中给予针对性护理措施的应用效果显著,能减少引流量,缩短引流时间,降低临床非计划拔管率,预防并发症,降低复发率,可在临床推广应用。     

YAG激光联合RS引流管置入治疗泪道阻塞疗效影响因素分析

目的：探讨YAG激光联合RS引流管治疗泪道阻塞的疗效及独立影响因素。

方法：回顾性分析2015-01/2018-01在我院行激光联合引流管置入治疗的250例泪道阻塞患者病例资料,总结术后疗效并采用Logistic回归分析影响疗效的独立因素。

结果：患者术后临床治疗总有效率为87.9%; 病程(OR=8.654,95% CI：3.740～20.023)、泪道冲洗频率(OR=3.480,95% CI：2.128～5.691)、泪道阻塞长度(OR=0.518,95% CI：0.238～1.131)、拔管时间(OR=0.386,95% CI：0.237～0.628)以及首次手术(OR=14.717,95% CI：10.798～20.059)是影响患者术后疗效独立影响因素。

结论：YAG激光联合RS引流管置入治疗泪道阻塞疗效显著,早期治疗、避免多次手术、术后适度冲洗泪道、控制拔管时间,均有利于提高疗效。     

慢性泪囊炎泪道引流管置入术后导管留置最佳时机探讨

目的：探讨慢性泪囊炎行泪道引流管置入术后导管留置的最佳时机。

方法：回顾性选取2011-04/2016-10于我院行泪道引流管置入术的慢性泪囊炎患者143例143眼,根据术后导管留置时间进行分组,其中A组患者50例50眼术后导管留置6wk,B组患者57例57眼术后导管留置9wk,C组患者36例36眼术后导管留置12wk。比较三组患者术后临床疗效、视力、溢泪和复发情况及并发症发生情况。

结果：拔管当天,A组和B组患者临床疗效总有效率(94%和93%)优于C组(39%)(均P<0.0167),但拔管后3mo,三组患者临床疗效总有效率(56%、51%、36%)、视力、溢泪发生率(46%、53%、56%)均无明显差异。拔管后随访6mo,三组患者术后复发率(4%、7%、19%)无明显差异(P=0.056),但C组患者术后并发症发生率(25%)明显高于A组(4%)和B组(7%)(均P<0.0167)。

结论：慢性泪囊炎行泪道引流管置入术后导管留置6wk或9wk临床获益优于12wk,更具临床应用价值。     

经封闭式负压引流后应用游离股前外侧皮瓣移植修复足部皮肤缺损的临床疗效

目的探讨经封闭式负压引流后应用游离股前外侧皮瓣移植修复足部皮肤缺损的临床疗效。方法选取2017年1月至2019年1月我院收治的76例足部皮肤缺损患者,随机分为两组,对照组进行经封闭式负压引流治疗,研究组在对照组基础上进行游离股前外侧皮瓣移植修复。比较两组治疗总有效率、生活质量评分、感觉功能恢复状况、植皮成功率。结果与对照组比较,研究组治疗总有效率更高(P0.05);与对照组比较,研究组生活质量评分更高(P0.05);与对照组比较,研究组S3、S1区感觉功能恢复率更高(P0.05),但其余区感觉功能恢复没有明显差异;与对照组比较,研究组植皮成功率更高(P0.05)。结论对足部皮肤缺损患者,应用经封闭式负压引流治疗基础上联合游离股前外侧皮瓣移植修复治疗,效果理想,可提高皮瓣移植成功率,改善生活质量,恢复部分感觉功能。因此,该治疗方法值得广泛应用。